Calendar

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

Marjorie Book will be producing a one act play, "The Leader of the People," and a full length play, The Widower's Houses, in the coming months.  We are looking for help - both volunteers who could act in the casts of these plays and volunteers who ...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

Come help us out with gardening our grounds at the Civic Garden Center! Every Friday morning from 9-11:30am. No experience necessary. All workdays will be led by our horticulturist, and will be educational as well. Make sure to wear clothes that can ...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

Marjorie Book Continuing Education seeks volunteers to participate in and learn alongside adults and teens with disabilities.  Volunteers can be paired with an individual with a disability to help facilitate their participation in the class. The Nat...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

Help divert waste from the landfill by volunteering with the UC|sustainability during FC Cincinnati soccer matches! Volunteers enter the stadium a half hour into the game to collect recycling (plastic bottles, aluminum cans, paper, and cardboard) f...

WALK-INS-WELCOME! - If you did not sign up in time, feel free to show up to the event and sign-up on the spot! CUC beautification program holds 2 large-scale events each year, in October and April! Over 1000 serve! Anyone is welcome.   Signing up a...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

Saturday(10:30am-12:30pm) Tutoring is provided in Science, Technology, Arithmetic, and Reading for grade level students of Over-The-Rhine. After enjoying a nutritious breakfast children work one on one with you on homework or materials provided by We...

WORTH 5 OFF CAMPUS SERVICE HOURS!! This is a Clean Up Cincy monthly event. We will focus our efforts on cleaning lots near campus provided by Keep Cincinnati Beautiful. Anyone is welcome!  P.S. We will be carpooling to some sites so I may be looking...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

Come help us out with gardening our grounds at the Civic Garden Center! Every Friday morning from 9-11:30am. No experience necessary. All workdays will be led by our horticulturist, and will be educational as well. Make sure to wear clothes that can ...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Marjorie Book Continuing Education seeks volunteers to participate in and learn alongside adults and teens with disabilities.  Volunteers can be paired with an individual with a disability to help facilitate their participation in the class. The Nat...

Relay For Life is a grass roots, community-based team event.   Event Leadership Team Training Relay For Life events wouldn't be successful fundraisers without passionate event leaders, just like you. And since many Relay events are different, we put...

Join us for a day of volunteering in the Holloway Hope Community Garden. No experience necessary- just wear clothes you can get dirty, and bring water! We will meet at the garden, at the address provided. 

Marjorie Book is looking for volunteers to participate alongside teens and adults with disabilities to provide mentoring support, conversation and physical accommodations. We’ll join dozens of other groups in this annual clean up of debris and litt...

Join us for a day of volunteering in the West McMicken Community Garden. We need help clearing vines & brush, and organic matter from plots in the garden and the walkways. No experience necessary- just wear clothes you can get dirty, and bring water!...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

Marjorie Book will be producing a one act play, "The Leader of the People," and a full length play, The Widower's Houses, in the coming months.  We are looking for help - both volunteers who could act in the casts of these plays and volunteers who ...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. Ideally, we'd like to have 3-4 volunteers per class. We e...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

We have some cleaning tasks to wrap up in preparation for our plant sale. We need to dust shelves, clean windows, etc. 

Come help us out with gardening our grounds at the Civic Garden Center! Every Friday morning from 9-11:30am. No experience necessary. All workdays will be led by our horticulturist, and will be educational as well. Make sure to wear clothes that can ...

Second Shift: 6pm-11pm MAY WORK BOTH SHIFTS This involves moving furniture, putting up plastic, setting up the rooms and decorating. This involves manual labor and lifting, some will be on ladders.

TWO SHIFTS  3:30-6pm and 6-11pm The first shift involves moving items from a storage house to the secondary campus, distributing supplies, and labeling furniture.    

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Join Groundwork Cincinnati and UC|Sustainability at Groundwork Cincinnati's Carthage restoration sites along the Mill Creek Greenway Trail for tree planting and cleanup!   *Meet us at 6250 Este Ave, Cincinnati, OH at promptly at 10:00am* *Call Dani...

The Clifton Community Garden needs some help in their garden! You'll assist with their signage, lay mulch, and clean up the garden. All you need to do is wear clothes you can get dirty, and bring water. 

This end of year festival is a chance for the Parker Woods Montessori community--parents, students, teachers, and friends--to celebrate a successful school year. This event is put on by the all volunteer PTO and we are looking for energetic UC studen...

We need a volunteer to cover the front desk in our gift shop on Saturday morning, from 1pm-4pm. This entails answering the phone, and running the cash register if anyone comes in to make a purchase. Saturdays are slow here, so this is a great opportu...

We need a volunteer to cover the front desk in our gift shop on Saturday morning, from 9am-1pm. This entails answering the phone, and running the cash register if anyone comes in to make a purchase. Saturdays are slow here, so this is a great opportu...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

11 am-5 pm This involves removing all the decorations, packing the decorations up, and taking them to storage, moving all furniture back to original classroom lay-out, and clean up. This is MANUAL labor. Some will be outdoors.    

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 23rd-28th. Industrial Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families at Robert's Academy (702 Grand Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214) in Price Hill.  Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are av...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 23rd-28th. Industrial Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

Come help us out with gardening our grounds at the Civic Garden Center! Every Friday morning from 9-11:30am. No experience necessary. All workdays will be led by our horticulturist, and will be educational as well. Make sure to wear clothes that can ...

The Cornerstone Community Garden in OTR needs some help weeding, trimming, prepping garden beds, raking up leaves, and laying mulch. All you need to bring is water, and wear clothes you can get dirty. Thanks for your help! 

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

Join us for a day of volunteering in 3 of our Walnut Hills Community Gardens: the Julie Hanser Garden, Concord Street Community Garden, and Melrose. Meet at the CGC at 9:45am, and split everyone into 3 groups. All of the gardens are very close in pro...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

Join us in helping to teach healthy and affordable cooking classes for families. Prior cooking knowledge is preferred but not mandatory. Please sign up for what days you are available to help. If you cannot do an entire 5 hour shift, please make a n...

DAAPworks is an exposition of student work from April 24th-28th. Fashion Design is looking for volunteers to help keep the individual exhibits safe and secure during the show. The volunteer opportunity only requires monitoring a group of exhibits (s...

Saturday(10:30am-12:30pm) Tutoring is provided in Science, Technology, Arithmetic, and Reading for grade level students of Over-The-Rhine. After enjoying a nutritious breakfast children work one on one with you on homework or materials provided by We...

Work with Granny to clear out winter residue and prepare the vegetable and flower gardens for spring planting. 

At 6:30 a.m., hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine line up at our door for breakfast and a safe haven. From greeting guests to serving food, cleaning tables to serving beverages, it is our volunteers who enable us to...

Volunteers will assist with horticulture assignments and pick up littler throughout the park as needed. Must be 18 years of age or older. Volunteers must wear closed-toe shoes and clothing that is weather appropriate and they can work comfortably i...

Wesley Chapel Mission Center provides the students and families of Over-The-Rhine a safe haven to come and work on homework, receive tutoring, eat a healthy meal, enjoy games/social time, and engage in fun new enrichment. We have programs for student...

At 4:30 p.m. sharp, hundreds of hungry and homeless community members of Over-the-Rhine walk through the doors of our Soup Kitchen to get a warm nutritious meal and seek help in finding their way on to a better way of life. But 45 minutes beforehan...